Objective To analyze the predictive value of fecal form for the quality of bowel preparation in patients scheduled for colonoscopy，identify risk factors for bowel preparation failure，and develop and validate a risk prediction model. Methods This was a prospective cohort study using convenience sampling. Patients scheduled for colonoscopy in the Digestive Department of a tertiary A hospital in Jiangsu Province from June to December 2022 were included in the modeling cohort. General information sheet and the Bristol Stool Form Scale（BSFS） were used for data collection. Patients were categorized into a successful bowel preparation group and a bowel preparation failure group based on the quality of bowel preparation. The optimal cutoff value for BSFS was determined using the best cutoff value method. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for bowel preparation failure，and a nomogram risk prediction model was constructed. Patients undergoing colonoscopy in the same hospital from January to February 2023 were served as the validation cohort. Results The modeling cohort included 569 patients，and the validation cohort included 212 patients，with bowel preparation failure rates of 19.0% and 19.8%，respectively. The risk prediction model formula derived from logistic regression analysis was P=-2.209+0.619 × hospitalized patients+0.635 × age≥65 years-0.710 × previous colonoscopy history+2.031 × BSFS type 1~2. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model was 0.751，with a sensitivity of 54.6%，a specificity of 85.9%，and the optimal cutoff value was 0.225，corresponding to a risk score of 80 for bowel preparation failure. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ²=4.429，P=0.351. External validation demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.775，indicating good model fit and high predictive value. Conclusion The incidence of bowel preparation failure in colonoscopy patients is relatively high. Patients aged≥65 years，hospitalized patients，those with no history of colonoscopy，and those with BSFS type 1~2 are more likely to experience bowel preparation failure. The risk prediction model developed in this study has good predictive performance and can provide a basis for clinical nurses to quickly assess the risk of bowel preparation failure in patients.

Objective To retrieve，evaluate，integrate the evidence of catheter related skin injuries prevention practices in cancer patients with PICC from home and abroad，and then summarize the relevant best evidence to provide evidence-based practice for clinical standardized management of catheter related skin injuries. Methods Evidence on prevention of catheter related skin injuries in cancer patients with PICC was systemically retrieved in the websites and databases，namely the BMJ Best Practice，UpToDate，Guidelines International Network，National Guideline Clearinghouse，National Institute for Health and Care Excellence，Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network，Registered Nurses Association of Ontario，Intravenous Nurses Society，National Comprehensive Cancer Network，Oncology Nursing Society，medlive，Cochrane Library，Joanna Briggs Institute，PubMed，Embase，CINAHL，Taiwan academic literature database，CNKI，WanFang，VIP，SinoMed，including clinical decision-making，guidelines，evidence summaries，best practice，recommended practice，systematic reviews，expert consensuses，and government documents. The literature retrieval period was from the database construction to September 12，2021. The guidelines were individually evaluated by 4 experts，and the remaining literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers. The literature that met the criteria was extracted and graded. Finally，the expert group integrated the evidence and summarized the evidence topics. Results A total of 12 articles were involved，including 1 government document，3 guidelines，4 evidence summaries，3 expert consensuses，and 1 systematic review. Finally，7 evidence topics and 26 pieces of best evidence were formed，including assessment，skin cleaning and antisepsis，dressing selection，operation and securement techniques，skin protection at PICC insertion site，patient education，supervision and training. Conclusion The best evidence of catheter related skin injuries in cancer patients with PICC can provide resources preparation for clinical transformation and offer nurses clinical decision-making for scientific and effective nursing practice. Specialist nurses should reasonably choose the best evidence for localized application，and constantly update the best evidence，standardize nursing practice，and ensure the safety of patients.

Objective Through systematic evidence retrieval and literature quality evaluation,the best evidence for respiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was extracted and summarized,so as to provide research-based evidence for respiratory muscle training in the clinical settings. Methods The evidence search was performed across 17 databases and official websites systematically,including UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,Cochrane Library,British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario,Canada,British Thoracic Society,Canadian Thoracic Society,American Thoracic Society,Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Sinomed,CNKI,and Wanfang Database. The guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,and randomized controlled trials were included. The retrieval timeframe was ranged from the establishment date of the databases or websites to October 31,2020. All literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers,and they determined whether the literature met the standards and then extracted the data. Results A total of 12 pieces of literature were eligible for inclusion. They were 2 guidelines,2 expert consensuses,2 evidence summaries,and 6 systematic reviews. There were 21 pieces of best evidence with 7 dimensions being summarized,namely training purposes,training subjects,training places,training plans,training methods,quality control,and effectiveness evaluation. Conclusion The best evidence of respiratory muscle training in patients with COPD was summarized. It is recommended that health care professionals should fully consider the allocation of medical resources when they apply the evidence and formulate individualized and feasible training programs based on the needs and preferences of patients.